Coral releasing egg and sperm bundles during 2020 coral spawning_credit GabrielGuzman CalypsoProductions

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Great Barrier Reef Bursts With New Life As Billions Of Coral Babies Are Born

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On November 23 2021, in an explosion of colour and a show-stopping sign of life, billions of coral babies were born on the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Cairns, marking another milestone in the ongoing story of life on the Reef.

After 18 months of border closures in Australia, the principal marine scientist from Reef Teach, Gareth Phillips, has likened this year’s coral spawning event to a symbol of regeneration and hope. Mr Phillips, who spent four hours filming last night’s event, said the timing of the 2021 coral spawn roughly coincides with the reopening of Australia, adding that his excitement for the new coral life reflects the mood of a nation emerging from COVID restrictions.  

 Nothing makes people happier than new life – and coral spawning is the world’s biggest proof of that. We are coming out of restrictions with a fresh leap of life just as the reef is spawning. That positivity is what people are feeling. It’s the celebration of the year.

Coral spawning occurs once a year when corals release tiny balls containing sperm and eggs into the water. These float to the surface where they break open, releasing both sperm and eggs to bump into each other and cross fertilise. Speaking from the Passions of Paradise expedition vessel at Point Break on the outer edge of Flynn Reef about 60km east of Cairns, Mr Phillips said this year’s spawning started soon after the sun set and proceeded in waves. 

“I’ve seen the corals all go off at once, but this time there seemed to be different species spawning in waves, one after the other. The conditions were magical with the water like glass and beautiful light coming from the moon. We went around looking for corals engorged with parcels of genetic material ready to go. Once we found a ripe coral, we watched as it took about 30 seconds for each colony to complete its spawning. It was the ultimate treasure hunt … it was so exciting that we even grabbed the skipper and got him in the water.”

Flynn Reef Coral Spawning - Gabriel Guzman Calypso Productions

Coral spawning at Flynn Reef by Gabriel Guzman (Calypso Productions)

Coral spawning at Flynn Reef by Gabriel Guzman (Calypso Productions)

Flynn Reef Coral Spawning - Gareth Phillips Reef Teach

Coral spawning at Flynn Reef by Gareth Phillips (Reef Teach)

Coral spawning at Flynn Reef by Gareth Phillips (Reef Teach)

Flynn Reef Coral Spawning - Gabriel Guzman Calypso Productions

Coral spawning at Flynn Reef by Gabriel Guzman (Calypso Productions)

Coral spawning at Flynn Reef by Gabriel Guzman (Calypso Productions)

With different sections of the reef erupting one after another, the team of six divers each watched different patches of coral. About five different genus of Acropora, the branching corals, went off releasing mauve-pink parcels. Then, the Porites, the big boulder corals all started smoking at once releasing what looked like a river flood plume turning the water cloudy. Four hours after the coral spawning was first spotted, spawn continues to rise to the surface of the water, with trevally about 50cm in length swimming around the back of the boat gobbling up the small fish that are hanging around to feed on spawn.  

Reflecting on the reef as a sign of hope for Australians, Mr Phillips said, “It is gratifying to see the reef give birth. It’s a strong demonstration that its ecological functions are intact and working after being in a recovery phase for more than 18 months.  The reef has gone through its own troubles like we all have, but it can still respond – and that gives us hope. I think we must all focus on the victories as we emerge from the pandemic.”

Snorkeler awaiting the coral spawning

Mr Phillips and his crew set out to study this year’s spawning event as part of the Coral Index Project. They aim to travel to three different high-value reef sites over the next two days, running a transect to mark out patches of the reef to study. As the reef spawns at night, the crew will return to the specific reefs to film them for further analysis. It is the scientist’s version of an annual reef stock take.

“This work has been undertaken over the past two years, but this is the first time that the Reef Teach team is working on the Coral Index Project at night during coral spawning. One team is capturing what is happening on video and the other is counting which species identified during the day are then spawning at night.”

 A marine biologist with more than 20 years’ experience, Mr Phillips has monitored coral spawning on the Great Barrier Reef for more than a decade. “With this project, we hope to show the variability and diversity of the reef. It’s a way of checking in on sites and monitoring their health.  It’s also a way to see a greater variety of species spawn.” 

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